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Aim: To assess and compare the roles of plasma and urine concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Cystatin C for early diagnosis of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult critically ill patients.

Methods: Patients were divided into three groups as sepsis‐non AKI, sepsis‐AKI and non sepsis‐non AKI. Plasma samples for NGAL and Cystatin C were determined on admission and on alternate days and urinary samples were collected for every day until ICU discharge.

Results: One hundred fifty one patients were studied; 66 in sepsis‐non AKI, 63 in sepsis‐AKI, 22 in non‐sepsis‐non‐AKI groups. Although plasma NGAL performed less well (AUC 0.44), urinary NGAL showed significant discrimination for AKI diagnosis (AUC 0.80) with a threshold value of 29.5 ng/ml (88% sensitivity, 73% specificity). Both plasma and urine Cystatin C worked well for the diagnosis of AKI (AUC 0.82 and 0.86 …