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The effects of a single bout of exercise and exercise training on the expression of genes necessary for the transport and β-oxidation of fatty acids (FA), together with the gene expression of transcription factors implicated in the regulation of FA homeostasis were investigated. Seven human subjects (3 male, 4 female, 28.9 ± 3.1 yr of age, range 20–42 yr, body mass index 22.6 kg/m², range 17–26 kg/m²) underwent a 9-day exercise training program of 60 min cycling per day at 63% peak oxygen uptake (V˙o _2 peak; 104 ± 14 W). On days 1 and 9 of the program, muscle biopsies were sampled from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest, at the completion of exercise, and again 3 h postexercise. Gene expression of key components of FA transport [FA translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane-associated FA-binding protein], β-oxidation [carntine palmitoyltransferase(CPT) I, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase] and …