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Background Cancer cachexia is a condition often seen at diagnosis, throughout anticancer treatments and in end stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods Participants with late stage NSCLC and cachexia (defined as≥ 5% weight loss within 12 months) were randomly assigned 1: 2 to 2· 09 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 300 mg cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib orally once daily versus same dosing of EPA, celecoxib, plus two sessions per week of progressive resistance training (PRT) and 20 g oral essential amino acids (EAA) high in leucine in a split dose over three days, post each session. Primary endpoint was the acceptability of the above multi-targeted approach. Main secondary endpoints included change in body weight and fat-free mass (FFM), by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and total quadriceps muscle volume by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) over …