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METHODS

Subjects. Twenty-two men recruited from a larger study (Ahtiainen et al., unpublished data, 2006) were randomly assigned to either an ST group (N= 11) or a control group (N= 11). The subjectscharacteristics (N= 20, not including two dropouts from the control group; mean T SD) were age, 62.3 T 6.3 yr; height, 174.4 T 5.6 cm; and body mass, 78.2 T 9.8 kg. All the subjects were screened by a medical doctor. Exclusion criteria included the following: 1) age under 50 or over 77, 2) those who had engaged in moderate to heavy resistance ST within the past 5 yr, 3) vegetarians, 4) those who had regularly ingested nutritional supplements or pharmacological substances that might affect the responses, 5) elite veteran athletes, 6) obesity (body mass index 9 30), and 7) neuromuscular and cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were moderately active. In the last few years they had taken part in various low-intensity physical activities such as walking, bicycling, and swimming. The subjects were carefully informed about the design of the study with special information on the possible risks and discomfort that might result. Thereafter, the subjects signed a written informed consent to participate in the study, which had been approved by the ethics committee of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Experimental design. The total duration of the study was 24 wk, of which the first 3 wk were a control period in which no experimental ST was carried out and during which the subjects continued their normal recreational activities. After the pre-ST test period, the subjects were randomly …