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Background Case-control studies have reported that patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) have a higher proportion of small, dense LDL particles than do healthy control subjects. The extent to which the risk attributed to small LDL particles may be independent of concomitant variations in plasma lipoprotein-lipid concentrations remains to be clearly determined, however, particularly through prospective studies.

Methods and Results Baseline characteristics were obtained in 2103 men initially free of IHD, among whom 114 developed IHD during a 5-year follow-up period. These 114 case patients were matched with healthy control subjects for age, body mass index, smoking habits, and alcohol intake. LDL peak particle diameter (PPD) was measured a posteriori in 103 case-control pairs by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of whole plasma. Conditional logistic regression analysis of the case …