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Productivity of plantation forests in Indonesia, especially in the humid tropic area, is always challenged by pests and diseases. With the introduction of new plant species, especially acacias and eucalypts, for the development of industrial forest plantations in Sumatra, new pests and diseases are becoming emerging threats. As a component of integrated pest management, some biocontrol agents have been developed to manage pests and diseases in Sumatra plantation forests. A number public institutions and private sectors are very keen to develop biological control programs. For example, Trichoderma and white rot fungi have been developed to control Ganoderma root rot in Acacia plantations. To manage insect pests such as caterpillars and Helopeltis, an insect predator (Sycanus sp.) is routinely released into acacia and eucalypt compartments with high pest infestation. Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus (NPV) has already been applied in nurseries to control armyworm (Spodoptera litura). A possibility of employing other biocontrol agents such as entomopathogenic fungi (for instance Beauveria and Metharhizium) is also explored. Results of some biocontrol trials are elaborated in this paper. Based on our works on the use of Trichoderma and Gliocladium to manage Ganoderma, future works on antagonistic microbes should focus more on continuous isolation of locally more adapted and stable isolates to increase their efficacy. Introduction of endophytic microbes into the scenario should be encouraged.