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Although the substrates of atrial fibrillation, its initiation and maintenance, remain to be fully elucidated, catheter ablation in the left atrium has become a therapeutic option for patients with this arrhythmia. With ablation techniques, various isolation lines and focal targets are deployed; the majority of these are anatomic approaches. It has been over a decade since we published our first article on the anatomy of the left atrium relevant to interventional electrophysiologists. 1 Our aim then, as now, was to increase awareness of anatomic structures inside the left atrium. In this review of anatomy, we revisit the left atrium, inside as well as outside, for a better understanding of the atrial component parts and the spatial relationships of specific structures.