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In a 3-year study of a wild population of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 52 male migrations from and into six study groups were observed. Two hypotheses derived from the literature were confirmed: (1) younger males immigrate more often into adjacent groups than older males, who immigrate more often into groups further away; and (2) younger males migrate more often together with group-mates than older males do. Two types of immigrants were distinguished: ‘unobtrusive’ and ‘bluff’. The unobtrusive immigrants entered low in the male dominance hierarchy and were males of all age classes, whereas the bluff immigrants attempted to take over the highest dominance rank of their new group and were all young adult males. Take-overs of dominance were also attempted by resident young males who had just reached full adulthood during a period of semi-solitariness. They behaved in a way similar to …