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Aims: 1) Evaluation of the photo-thermal (PT) and photo-activated (PAD) antibacterial effect of the 445/970 nm diode laser on E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans mixed biofilms grown together inside root canals of human teeth. 2) Defining a potentially efficient clinical protocol for safe and predictable usage in endodontic procedures.

Methodology: The root canals of 100 extracted human teeth with single straight canals were prepared with ProTaper NEXT files, sterilized, contaminated with a combination of three cultures (E. faecalis, S. aureus, C. albicans) and incubated for 15 days. The samples were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 20) and treated as follows: Group 1 (G1) – the 445 nm photo-thermal (PT) effect, Group 2 (G2) – a combination of the 445 nm and 970 nm PT effect, Group 3 (G3) – the 445 nm photo-activated (PAD) effect with 0.1% riboflavin, Group 4 (G4) – a combination of 3 …