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Leishmaniasis is the third most important vector-borne disease after malaria and lymphatic filariasis. It is common disease in all over the world. The vector for leishmaniasis is Phlebotomus and there have found around 20 different types of this vector. There are different clinical forms under the name of leishmaniasis such as kala-azar, dum-dum fever, white leprosy, espundia, pian bois, chiclero’s ulcer, uta. Environmental factors leading to climate changes and global warming are major risk factors for the spreading of the disease. Leishmania spp. to prevent the spread of the definitive host and intermediate hosts is difficult compared to Plasmodium spp. Therefore; leishmaniasis disease will retain its importance for many years.