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Since time immemorial, humans have utilized plants such as sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to meet their needs and treat illnesses. Sesame oil (SO) is derived from the seeds and serves several therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to identify the ethnobotanical indications and proven biological activities of SO. An integrative review was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The main search strategy included the following health science descriptors: 'World Population,' 'Sesamum,' and 'Pharmacologic Actions,' organized using the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR.' Studies were included based on the following criteria: I) Clinical studies on medicinal indications, II) Proven bioactivities, III) In vivo studies, and IV) In vitro studies. Exclusions were made for a) secondary research and b) studies that did not specifically address indications and effects of Sesamum indicum. The risk of …