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There are many hydrophobic or poorly soluble nutrients and bioactive compounds which are essential for human health, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, essential oils, essential fatty acids, and insoluble vitamins. The low bioavailability and sustainability of these compounds are the main challenges for their use in the pharmaceuticae and food industries. Nanoencapsulation can be a favourable approach for protecting hydrophobic food bioactive compounds against unsuitable circumstances and enhance their bioavailability. In this review, several nanoencapsulation delivery systems for hydrophobic compounds, such as inclusion complexes through cyclodextrins, amylose, and yeast cells, nanogels, nanoemulsions, nanofibers, nanosponges, nanoliposomes, and nanoparticles made with lipids and biopolymers are discussed. Also, the toxicity and safety aspects of the nanocarriers loaded with …