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The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), α-estradiol and β-estradiol on the main functions of purified rat brain mitochondria were investigated in basal conditions and after being submitted to various stresses including anoxia-reoxygenation, uncoupling and apoptosis. In basal conditions, DHEA (1 μM) and α-estradiol (1 μM) inhibited the respiratory control ratio (RCR) from 3.1 to 2.3 (25%). After anoxia-reoxygenation, DHEA (1 μM) and α-estradiol (1 μM) reversed significantly (P<0.01) the RCR decrease from 1.4 to 2.0 (21.5%) by restoring the state 4. This effect was observed when DHEA was added either before anoxia or before reoxygenation and when α-estradiol was added before anoxia. The mitochondrial membranes damaged after the anoxia-reoxygenation were 70 and 50%, respectively, protected by DHEA and α-estradiol at 1 μM. They also limited by about …