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RESULTS: At last follow-up (median 10 months after surgery), 134 (33.2%) of these thrombi had resolved, 9 (2.2%) had been actively removed (catheter/surgical thrombectomy) and 91 (22.5%) persisted. The remaining were in patients who did not survive to hospital discharge (95, 28.9%) or had unknown outcomes (75, 18.6%). Multivariable factors associated with increased odds of thrombus resolution without thrombectomy (vs. thrombus persistence, excluding patients who died/unknown outcomes) were events in the arterial system (OR: 3.60, P 0.01), lower degree of thrombus occlusion (OR: 1.61, P 0.01) and treatment with antithrombotics (OR: 4.91, P 0.02). Location in the jugular veins (OR: 2.48, P 0.02) and in the iliac veins (OR: 3.15, P 0.004) were significantly less likely to have resolved at last follow-up. Of the 177 patients with TCs, embolic events were observed in 41 (23.2%) patients (or 53/404 clots, 10.6%). Multivariable factors associated with increased odds of embolism included: lower oxygen saturation at the time of surgery (OR: 0.967 per%, P 0.03), age 1 year old (OR: 4.0, P 0.03), higher surgery Aristotle score (OR: 1.14 per point, P 0.03), thrombi in cardiac vascular structures (any vascular structure between the venae cavae and the aorta)(OR: 51.3, P 0.001), carotid artery (OR: 17.9, P 0.06) or brachiocephalic veins (OR: 7.7, P 0.002). CONCLUSION: Patient characteristics in addition to thrombi characteristics should be considered when selecting the intensity of treatment strategy for children with thrombosis after pediatric cardiac surgery.