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To synthesise the evidence for effects of optimal breastfeeding on all‐cause and infection‐related mortality in infants and children aged 0–23 months.

We conducted a systematic review to compare the effect of predominant, partial or nonbreastfeeding versus exclusive breastfeeding on mortality rates in the first six months of life and effect of no versus any breastfeeding on mortality rates between 6 and 23 months of age. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and CABI.

The risk of all‐cause mortality was higher in predominantly (RR 1.5), partially (RR 4.8) and nonbreastfed (RR14.4) infants compared to exclusively breastfed infants 0–5 months of age. Children 6–11 and 12–23 months of age who were not breastfed had 1.8‐ and 2.0‐fold higher risk of mortality, respectively, when compared to those who were breastfed. Risk of infection‐related …