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In the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), the prognosis of AIDS-related lymphomas might be similar to that of aggressive B-cell lymphomas in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-negative patients. In this study we found that HIV-infected patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) and HAART showed a similar response rate to chemotherapy, disease-free survival and overall survival as those of HIV-negative patients receiving CHOP.