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Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), namely hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnoea, occur in about 50% of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies that have investigated the reversal of SDB in such patients with nasally applied intermittent positive airway pressure have reported a fall in PaCO₂ but little change in airflow obstruction. We reasoned that the lack of improvement in airflow obstruction may be due to insufficient expiratory pressure. Accordingly, we sought to determine the effects of chronic nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), at highest tolerable levels, upon blood gases and airflow obstruction in patients with severe COPD and SDB.

Methodology: Fourteen patients were studied, ten of whom were able to tolerate CPAP (10.2 ± 0.9 cmH₂O) for at least 3 months.

Results: Within the CPAP compliant group, there was a fall in PaCO₂ …