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Objective  Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels may be associated with both sarcopenia (the age‐related decline in muscle mass and function) and low physical activity (PA). Our objective was to describe prospective associations between 25OHD, muscle parameters, and PA in community‐dwelling older adults.

Design  Prospective, population‐based study with a mean follow‐up of 2·6 ± 0·4 years.

Patients  Six hundred and eighty‐six community‐dwelling older adults (49% women; mean ± SD 62 ± 7 years old).

Measurements  Appendicular lean mass percentage (%ALM) and body fat assessed by Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry, leg strength by dynamometer, leg muscle quality (LMQ), PA assessed by pedometer, self‐reported sun exposure by questionnaire, and serum 25OHD measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results  Participants with 25OHD ≤50 nm had lower mean %ALM, leg …