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Studies have shown that 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) decrease the risk for low-grade prostate cancer (PC), but results are conflicting concerning high-grade PCs. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the association between 5-ARI treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms and the risk for PC.

This is a population-based prospective study on all men age 40 years and older with at least one prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test in Stockholm County from January 2007 until December 2015. Data are derived from the Stockholm PSA and Biopsy Register and Prescribed Drug Register in Sweden, containing data on 5-ARI-use before diagnosis of PC. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the cause-specific hazard ratios of PC for each exposure level relative to men not taking the medication.

Of the 333 …