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The incidence of thyroid cancer has more than doubled in recent decades. Debate continues on whether the increasing incidence is a result of an increased detection of small neoplasms or other factors.

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we examined the overall incidence of thyroid cancer with variations based on tumor pathology, size, and stage, as well as the current surgical and adjuvant therapy of thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid cancer incidence increased 2.6-fold from 1973 to 2006. This change can be attributed primarily to an increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma, which increased 3.2-fold (P < .0001). The increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma also was examined based on tumor size. Tumors ≤1 cm increased the most at a total of 441% between 1983 and 2006 or by 19.2% per year, the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma also …