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The mechanical effects of varying the depth of cement penetration in the cement–bone interface were investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) and validated using companion experimental data. Two FEA models of the cement–bone interface were created from micro-computed tomography data and the penetration of cement into the bone was varied over six levels each. The FEA models, consisting of the interdigitated cement–bone constructs with friction between cement and bone, were loaded to failure in tension and in shear. The cement and bone elements had provision for crack formation due to excessive stress. The interfacial strength showed a strong relationship with the average interdigitation (r²=0.97 and r²=0.93 in tension and shear, respectively). Also, the interface strength was strongly related with the contact area (r²=0.98 and r²=0.95 in tension and shear, respectively). The FEA results …