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Despite the subjective reports of patients with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) that they are impaired during the day, consistent differences in daytime functions have not been found between normal sleepers and patients with insomnia. The present study compares polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSL T) data from 70 clinic patients seeking evaluation for chronic insomnia with data from a group of 45 asymptomatic sleepers. The DIMS group was found to sleep significantly less than the control group; yet they were also significantly more alert than the control group the following day, as measured by MSL T. Within the insomnia diagnostic subgroups, a correlation of −0.67 (p < 0.05) was found between nocturnal total sleep time and mean MSL T. The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of a tendency towards physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic …