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Mosquitoes are vectors of viral diseases with epidemic potential in many regions. Due to difficulties in the use of vaccines against these diseases, the main alternative is the control of mosquitoes population. In this regard, chemical control through insecticides has been one of the conventional strategies. Nevertheless, over time mosquito populations develop insecticide resistance encoded at the genetic level. In addition, chemicals used as insecticides can affect other groups of insects and cause ecological damage. For these reasons, new control alternatives have been proposed. One of these is control by the release of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia, a bacterium inherited from the mother to offsprings that, depending on the strain, it can suppress mosquito populations size or inhibit its vector competence. In this context, this thesis contributes with mathematical models, analyzes, and simulations that aim to understand how Wolbachia can work while interacting with a genetic trait like insecticide resistance. To account for the emergence and spread of such phenomenon as an effect of exposition to larvicide and/or adulticide, we developed a general time-continuous population model with two life phases, subsequently simplified through slow manifold theory. The derived models present density-dependent recruitment and mortality rates in a nonconventional way. We show that in the absence of selection, they evolved in compliance with the Hardy Weinberg principle. While in the presence of selection, in the dominant or codominant cases, there was convergence to the fittest genotype. We present next an explicit modeling approach and …