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The association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter () and lung function in young people remains uncertain, particularly in Asia, where air pollution is generally a serious problem.

This study investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient and lung function in Taiwanese children, adolescents, and young adults.

This study comprised 24,544 participants 6–24 years of age, with 33,506 medical observations made between 2000 and 2014. We used a spatiotemporal model to estimate concentrations at participants’ addresses. Spirometry parameters, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (), and maximum midexpiratory flow (MMEF), were determined. A generalized linear mixed model was used to examine the associations between long-term exposure to ambient and lung function. The odds ratios …