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Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a problem that often occurs in preterm neonates.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and complications of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with those of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) after surfactant therapy in neonates with RDS.

Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 neonates with the gestational age of 28-36 weeks suffering from RDS and admitted to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, during 2017. Initially, all newborns were administered with exogenous surfactant. Subsequently, the participants were randomly assigned into two groups of HFNC (group 1) and NCPAP (group 2) to receive respiratory support. The NCPAP group was managed with a mask or nasal prong. The HFNC group was given warm and humid oxygen through a short binasal cannula proportional to the …