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Recently, carbonaceous materials have attracted increasing attention in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) due to their capability, adaptability and efficiency in the degradation of organic wastewater contaminants with little or no leaching potential. Previous reviews have raised serious controversies regarding the occurrence and mechanism of the persulfate activation process but the detailed influence of the structural features on the persulfate activation performance is yet to be analyzed. This state-of-the-art review aims to discuss the recent structural adjustments, modifications and modulation of carbonaceous materials in relation to how they affect the persulfate activation performance. It was observed that tweaking the carbon structural features (such as the crystal structure and defects, the porous structure, surface area, pore size, and oxygen-containing groups) influences the reaction mechanism, further …