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Enhanced online at www. sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/304/5668/215 www. sciencemag. org SCIENCE VOL 304 9 APRIL 2004 is extremely complicated because of the elusive nature of cultural property and its ownership. Existing codes provide little guidance regarding the identification of a relevant group and the duties owed. Investigators should foster a partnership with the group through consultation before initiating the project, ensuring that proper mechanisms are in place both to prevent exploitation of the group and to deal with the impact of the research. At the very least, investigators should disclose to the group the investigative question posed, the type of testing, the level of destructiveness to the artifact, funding sources, and any other issue of concern to group members. If the project includes testing DNA from a living individual, the research should comply with federal institutional review board (IRB …