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Population-based registers provide the means for monitoring birth prevalence of CP, the most common motor disability of childhood. Collecting population-based data from well-organized health systems with high ascertainment of cases is rewarding but challenging because of confidentiality issues. The prevalence of CP is dropping in high-resource countries [1], but the contribution of antenatal and perinatal/neonatal risk factors to the causal pathways in subgroups of the disorder is not fully elucidated. Neuroimaging shed light to the nature of brain lesions in CP and allowed inferences about timing, localization and severity of these patterns in relation to functional outcomes [2]. In the genetic era, atypical and unusual forms of CP may be etiologically clarified and new pathophysiological mechanisms are discovered [3]. The paper by Dhondt et al.[4] in this issue of European Journal of Pediatric Neurology, reports on …