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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the monocular and binocular outcome of three types of “penalization” (blurring of the sound eye) treatment of amblyopia: traditional full-time atropine or optical penalization and a new intermittent atropine regimen involving atropine instillation 1 to 3 days a week.

The study design was a retrospective study.

A total of 163 patients with strabismic amblyopia treated by full-time atropine (n = 38), intermittent atropine (n = 73), or optical (n = 52) penalization participated.

Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity, and binocularity index were detrmined.

All three forms of penalization produced statistically significant mean reduction in amblyopia (1.7–2.7 logMAR lines) and mean improvement in binocularity by the end-of-treatment or long-term follow-up visit or both, with minimal mean loss after …