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Various post-mortem measurements (carcass weights, conformation and fatness classes, external carcass dimensions, eye muscle dimensions, subcutaneous fat depth, pH and temperature) were recorded on 197 Texel (TEX) and 200 Scottish Blackface (SBF) lamb carcasses. The potential use of these measurements to predict carcass composition and key meat quality traits was investigated, to enable categorisation of carcasses in the abattoir and/or for use in genetic improvement programmes. By combining different measurements, accurate predictions of dissected carcass muscle weight (adjusted R² 0.93 in TEX, 0.88 in SBF) and fat weight (adjusted R² 0.84 in TEX, 0.87 in SBF) were achieved, and moderate predictions of intra-muscular fat (adjusted R² 0.56 in TEX, 0.48 in SBF), whilst shear force was predicted with low to moderate accuracy (adjusted R²<0.33 across breeds and cuts). Sex, eye muscle …