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Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), an avian disease of growth plates at the proximal end of long bones, is characterized by the presence of a-vascularized, unmineralized, non-viable cartilage that fails to resorb and replace by bone. Although etiology is unknown; however, abnormal chondrocytic differentiation, changes in the activities of matrix metalloproteinase and changes in genes encoding VEGF signaling pathways have been attributed to TD (Dan et al., 2009; Velada et al., 2011; Genin et al., 2012). In commercial processing plants, TD has emerged as one of the most prevalent overt locomotive problems which account 30% among such cases in broiler flocks making it an animal welfare issue (Peliciaet al., 2012).

Thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide), a dithiocarbamate organic compound is used primarily and widely as fungicide and pest and rodent repellants in agricultural fields. It occurs as a contaminant in products being used for litter material and poultry feed ultimately leading to leg problems in poultry industry (Rath et al., 2007). Being mainly metabolized in liver, this compound has also been reported to cause damaging and toxic effects to this organ (Gupta and Amma, 1993).