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Objective To evaluate changes in growth, nutritional status, body composition, and energy and nutrient intakes during illness and usual state of health in infants and young children with sickle cell disease. Design Sixteen children, aged 0.4 to 5.6 years, with SS type sickle cell disease (SCD-SS) were assessed at the time of hospital admission for an acute illness episode and during an 18-hour overnight follow-up visit 2 to 6 weeks after the acute illness episode when in a state of usual health. Main outcome measures included growth in height and weight compared with reference standards, body composition determined by the skinfold thickness technique and total body electrical conductivity, and dietary intake determined by 24-hour recall during hospital admission and at follow-up. Results Height, weight, and weight-for-height z scores did not differ from national reference data; triceps skinfold thickness and arm fat …