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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that affects an estimated 1.7 million Australians. Patients with CKD commonly progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring dialysis and/or kidney transplantation. They are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and many die from this prior to reaching ESKD. Few therapies are available to slow CKD progression and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The benefit of exercise training has been well demonstrated in a range of disease conditions including ESKD and was recently highlighted by a systematic review in haemodialysis patients and a recent Cochrane review of all stages of CKD. However, the effects of exercise training in patients with CKD have not been extensively investigated. Our systematic search of the literature found only ten clinical trials in this area. The aim of this review is to review these studies, and to …