作者
Francine E Garrett-Bakelman, Manjula Darshi, Stefan J Green, Ruben C Gur, Ling Lin, Brandon R Macias, Miles J McKenna, Cem Meydan, Tejaswini Mishra, Jad Nasrini, Brian D Piening, Lindsay F Rizzardi, Kumar Sharma, Jamila H Siamwala, Lynn Taylor, Martha Hotz Vitaterna, Maryam Afkarian, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo, Sara Ahadi, Aditya Ambati, Maneesh Arya, Daniela Bezdan, Colin M Callahan, Songjie Chen, Augustine MK Choi, George E Chlipala, Kévin Contrepois, Marisa Covington, Brian E Crucian, Immaculata De Vivo, David F Dinges, Douglas J Ebert, Jason I Feinberg, Jorge A Gandara, Kerry A George, John Goutsias, George S Grills, Alan R Hargens, Martina Heer, Ryan P Hillary, Andrew N Hoofnagle, Vivian YH Hook, Garrett Jenkinson, Peng Jiang, Ali Keshavarzian, Steven S Laurie, Brittany Lee-McMullen, Sarah B Lumpkins, Matthew MacKay, Mark G Maienschein-Cline, Ari M Melnick, Tyler M Moore, Kiichi Nakahira, Hemal H Patel, Robert Pietrzyk, Varsha Rao, Rintaro Saito, Denis N Salins, Jan M Schilling, Dorothy D Sears, Caroline K Sheridan, Michael B Stenger, Rakel Tryggvadottir, Alexander E Urban, Tomas Vaisar, Benjamin Van Espen, Jing Zhang, Michael G Ziegler, Sara R Zwart, John B Charles, Craig E Kundrot, Graham BI Scott, Susan M Bailey, Mathias Basner, Andrew P Feinberg, Stuart MC Lee, Christopher E Mason, Emmanuel Mignot, Brinda K Rana, Scott M Smith, Michael P Snyder, Fred W Turek
发表日期
2019/4/12
期刊
Science
卷号
364
期号
6436
页码范围
eaau8650
出版商
American Association for the Advancement of Science
简介
INTRODUCTION
To date, 559 humans have been flown into space, but long-duration (>300 days) missions are rare (n = 8 total). Long-duration missions that will take humans to Mars and beyond are planned by public and private entities for the 2020s and 2030s; therefore, comprehensive studies are needed now to assess the impact of long-duration spaceflight on the human body, brain, and overall physiology. The space environment is made harsh and challenging by multiple factors, including confinement, isolation, and exposure to environmental stressors such as microgravity, radiation, and noise. The selection of one of a pair of monozygotic (identical) twin astronauts for NASA’s first 1-year mission enabled us to compare the impact of the spaceflight environment on one twin to the simultaneous impact of the Earth environment on a genetically matched subject.
RATIONALE
The known impacts of the …
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