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Foliar fertilization for biofortification is a targeted, economic and environment friendly approach rather than soil fertilization. In this study, we identified the appropriate growth stage(s) and right foliar iron (Fe) formulation in enhancing growth and Fe biofortification in soybean. In addition, we studied the physiological mechanism adopted by plants to endure foliar supplied Fe. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate various organic and inorganic Fe formulations such as Fe-citrate, FePO₄, humic acid (HA) + Fe, HA alone and nano-Fe along with control (deionized water) in soybean (Glycine max var. DS-2614). Plants were sprayed at flowering (Set I), pod filling (Set II) and at both stages (Set III). Biomass and leaf area were significantly enhanced with application of Fe-citrate and FePO₄ followed by HA + Fe. The yield traits (pod number, seed yield, test weight) significantly increased …