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Abstract Background and Aim: Thalassemia, a heterogeneous disease, is one of the most common single-gene diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to find associations between hematological indices and severity of beta-globin gene mutations in beta-thalassemia carriers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 beta-goblin gene mutations (β⁺ and β) in 1206 unrelated beta-thalassemia carriers were investigated. In addition, their hematological indices, including CBC and electrophoresis results, were determined. The association between genetic findings and hematological parameters (mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean hematocrit corpuscular hematocrit (MCH)) were determined using the SPSS software, the statistical test being the t-test. Results: The results indicated that β⁺-thalassemia carriers had higher MCV and MCH means than β-thalassemia carriers. These findings …