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Here we advocate a broad perspective on attachment and exploration, as influenced by children's experiences with both mothers and fathers. For each issue we discuss, we present studies exploring the influence of fathers alongside those exploring the influence of mothers. In this chapter, the concept of" security of exploration" as a companion to secure attachment is introduced. We define" secure exploration" in the early years as confident, attentive, eager, and resourceful exploration of materials or tasks, especially when a child is facing disappointment. We begin this chapter by discussing the concept of secure exploration in greater detail. In the next section, we review studies showing that both a secure child-mother attachment and a father's sensitive and challenging support of a child's exploration influence the child's (and, later, the adolescent's) secure exploration of cognitive challenges. An interesting …