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Attachment research has come of age. In the 1970s, only a few years after Bowlby’s (1969/1982) first comprehensive formulation of attachment theory and Ainsworth’s translation of attachment theory into observational, empirical research (eg, Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978), many studies of infant attachment (usually to mothers) were initiated. Now four of them have succeeded in following infants all the way into young adulthood: the Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood (Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005a, 2005b); the Berkeley longitudinal study (Main, Hesse, & Kaplan, 2005); the Stony Brook Adult Relationship Project (Crowell & Waters, 2005); and our own research in northern and southern Germany (K. Grossmann, Grossmann, & Kindler, 2005). The researchers involved in these projects, as well as many other attachment researchers, came from diverse backgrounds (KE Grossmann, Grossmann, & Waters, 2005). Research at Klaus E. Grossmann’s lab, which is particularly relevant to the present chapter, was primarily rooted in ethology, which had also played a major role in Ainsworth’s and Bowlby’s thinking (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991; Hinde, 2005).