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Purpose: To prospectively compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements derived from diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized helium 3 (³He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with functional and structural findings using spirometric tests and thin-section computed tomography (CT) of the lungs in asymptomatic smokers and healthy nonsmokers of similar age.

Materials and Methods: All studies were HIPAA compliant and were approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained. Ventilation and diffusion-weighted ³He MR images were obtained in healthy subjects: 11 smokers (five women, six men; mean age, 47 years ± 18 [standard deviation]; range, 23–73 years) and eight nonsmokers (<100 cigarettes in lifetime) (four women, four men; mean age, 46 years ± 16; range, 23–69 years). Mean ADC values for smokers and nonsmokers were compared with spirometric values, diffusing …