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To optimize 3D radial ultrashort echo time MRI for high resolution whole‐lung imaging.

3D radial ultrashort echo time was implemented on a 3T scanner to investigate the effects of: (1) limited field‐of‐view excitation, (2) variable density readouts, and (3) radial oversampling. Improvements in noise performance and spatial resolution were assessed through simulation and phantom studies. Their effects on lung and airway visualization in five healthy male human subjects (mean age 32 years) were compared qualitatively through blinded ordinal scoring by two cardiothoracic radiologists using a nonparametric Friedman test (P < 0.05). Relative signal difference between endobronchial air and adjacent lung tissue, normalized to nearby vessel, was used as a surrogate for lung tissue signal. Quantitative measures were compared using the paired Student's t‐test (P < 0.05). Finally, clinical feasibility …