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In contrast to our knowledge of the shoot apical meristem, our understanding of cambium meristem differentiation and maintenance is limited. Class III homeodomain leucine‐zipper (HD‐Zip) proteins have been shown to play a regulatory role in vascular differentiation.

The hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×Populus alba) class III HD‐Zip transcription factor (PtaHB1) and microRNA 166 (Pta‐miR166) family were cloned from hybrid aspen using a combination of in silico and polymerase chain reaction methods. Expression analyses of PtaHB1 and Pta‐miR166 were performed by Northern blot analysis.

The expression of PtaHB1 was closely associated with wood formation and regulated both developmentally and seasonally, with the highest expression during the active growing season. Also, its expression was inversely correlated with the level of Pta‐miR166. Pta‐miR166‐directed cleavage of PtaHB1 in …