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In mammals, cerebellar neurons are categorized as glutamatergic or GABAergic, and are derived from progenitors that express the proneural genes atoh1 or ptf1a, respectively. In zebrafish, three atoh1 genes, atoh1a, atoh1b, and atoh1c, are expressed in overlapping but distinct expression domains in the upper rhombic lip (URL): ptf1a is expressed exclusively in the ventricular zone (VZ). Using transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under the control of the regulatory elements of atoh1a and ptf1a, we traced the lineages of the cerebellar neurons. The atoh1⁺ progenitors gave rise not only to granule cells but also to neurons of the anteroventral rhombencephalon. The ptf1a⁺ progenitors generated Purkinje cells. The olig2⁺ eurydendroid cells, which are glutamatergic, were derived mostly from ptf1a⁺ progenitors in the VZ but some originated from the atoh1⁺ progenitors in the URL. In the adult cerebellum …