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We draw on a relational theoretical perspective to investigate how the social division and structure of labor are associated with serious and moderate mental illness and binge and heavy drinking.

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Occupational Information Network were linked to explore how occupation, the productivity‐to‐pay gap, unemployment, the gendered division of domestic labor, and factor‐analytic and theory‐derived dimensions of work are related to mental illness and drinking outcomes.

Occupations involving manual labor and customer interaction, entertainment, sales, or other service‐oriented labor were associated with increased odds of mental illness and drinking outcomes. Looking for work, more hours of housework, and a higher productivity‐to‐pay gap were associated with increased odds of mental illness. Physical/risky work was associated with …