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In the past decade sociobiology has massively transformed theory and research in the social and behavioral sciences but has had little impact on the developmental sciences. The reason for sociobiology’s successes — and the one concept that makes it different from the other, older evolutionary approaches to behavior — is the concept of inclusive fitness. This is because being against the concept of inclusive fitness is like being against the concept of gravity: the logic of inclusive fitness theory is simply irrefutable. At the same time, however, the reasons for sociobiology’s failure in the developmental sciences is also due to the concept of inclusive fitness, for this concept tells us little about the relationship of the genotype to the phenotype (e.g., Bateson, 1982). Since the relationship of the genotype to the phenotype can only be a developmental one, it stands that any evolutionary approach to behavior must be …