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Being the most reactive of all chemical elements and the lightest member of halogen group, fluorine is found in the environment as fluoride. Both natural and anthropogenic activities are responsible for fluoride contamination in groundwater. Fluoride has dual effect on human health. While lower concentration (<0.5 mg/L) is responsible for dental fluorosis, higher concentration (>1.5 mg/L) leads to skeletal fluorosis and even death. The present review paper is aimed at providing detailed occurrence of fluoride pollution around the globe and in India. Among the different defluoridation techniques to remove excess fluoride from contaminated drinking water at both community and domestic levels, adsorption is found to be very effective due to its technical feasibility, simple characteristics and comparative low-cost nature. Various adsorbents have been tested for their ability to treat fluoride contaminated water, viz …