查看文章

Branch pulmonary artery stenosis may occur as an isolated finding or in conjunction with other cardiac malformations; it may be congenital or acquired postoperatively. Transcatheter management with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and/or endovascular stenting is generally considered the procedure of choice for most patients. With the introduction of high‐pressure balloons, the results of BPA have improved significantly (75%). Stent implantation has increased the success rate to over 90%. However, BPA continues to be the initial procedure of choice for distal stenoses, or those associated with branching points, and in small children or infants. Stent implantation is preferred over BPA for central or proximal stenoses, and those due to kinking or tenting, external compression, intimal flaps, failed balloon dilation, and early postoperative procedures. Certain lesions, such as supravalvar pulmonary stenosis, or …