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Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are the most widely recognized public health measures recognized globally to prevent the spread of Covid-19. NPIs’ effectiveness may depend on the type, combination of applied interventions, and the level of proper public compliance with the NPIs. The expected outcome of behavioural practices varies relative to the intervention duration.

This study aimed to assess the trend of community compliance to NPI with Covid-19 incidence and government-initiated interventions, and its variation by residence and sociodemographic characteristics of people.

A weekly non-participatory field survey on individuals’ NPI practices was observed from the 41^st epidemiological week of October 5^th, 2020, to the 26^th epidemiological week of July 4^th, 2021, a total of 39 weeks. The survey covered all 14 regional and national capital cities in Ethiopia. Data collection for the three NPI behaviours (i.e., respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene, and physical distance) was managed weekly at eight public service locations using the Open Data Kit (ODK) tool. The Covid– 19 incidence data and public health measures information from August 3^rd, 2020 to July 4^th, 2021 were obtained from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI).

More than 180,000 individuals were observed for their NPI practice, with an average of 5,000 observations in a week. About 43% of the observations were made in Addis Ababa, 56% were male and 75% were middle age group (18–50 years). The overall level of NPI compliance was high at the beginning of the observation then peaked around the 13^th– 15^th …