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On the basis of a large populationbased sample who underwent full polysomnography at home (HypnoLaus cohort), we recently reported that 49· 7% of men and 23· 4% of women aged 40 years or older had an apnoea-hypopnoea index of 15 events per h or more1 according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) 2013 scoring criteria. 2 When excessive daytime sleepiness (ie, Epworth score> 10 [maximum score 24]) was included in the definition with an apnoea-hypopnoea index of 5 events per h or more, the prevalence was 12· 5% in men and 5· 9% in women. This high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing reinforced the idea that the treatment decision should not only be based the apnoeahypopnoea index, but should also take into account associated symptoms and cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities.