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To estimate associations between recent licit and illicit substance use and subsequent suicide attempt among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study of PWID followed bi‐annually between 2004 and 2011.

Montréal, Canada.

Seven hundred and ninety‐seven PWID who reported injection drug use in the previous 6 months, contributing to a total of 4460 study visits. The median number of visits per participant was five (interquartile range: 3–8).

An interviewer‐administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio‐demographic factors, detailed information on substance use patterns and related behaviours, mental health markers and suicide attempt. The primary exposure variables examined were past‐month use of alcohol [heavy (≥ 60 drinks); moderate (one to 59 drinks); none], sedative …