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This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO₂) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous environment. The uptake ability of Pb²⁺ using h-XG/SiO₂ has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25 min) and superior adsorption capacity (Q_max = 1012.15 mg g⁻¹) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO₂ with Pb²⁺ ion through electrostatic interactions. The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb²⁺ adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. In consequence of excellent adsorption …